An archaeology of mashroteat, s discourse show that nodol poit or basic signifier in this discourse was autocracy and dictatorship problem. There was two effect in feild of FOREIGN RELATIONs. First: Mashroteat’s discourse cause lose the power of central government and then expanded the power of local government and Second: the mashroteat discourse was about some basic signifier on internal issue and then does not created any knowledge about autocracy policy and finally mashroteat s discourse prepared a better context for hegemony and more intervention of RELATIONs in Iran.

It is vital to pay attention to FOREIGN investment in developing countries or the ones with emerging markets. The aim of this study was to identify social and cultural factors affecting FOREIGN investment in Iran’, s East Azerbaijan province. The research variables include mutual social trust, participation, modernity and cultural differences and the dependent variable in this research is FOREIGN investment. In this research, different theories have been used, including the theory of Parsons, Lerner, Coleman, Myrdal and Giddens. The research method was surveying and questionnaires were used to collect data. The results obtained from Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis showed high validity and reliability of the questions. The statistical population was from among the officials of FOREIGN investment and FOREIGN investors in the cities of Tabriz and Julfa. The sample size was done by Cochran's method, which obtained 429 people in the field of FOREIGN investment. Finally, the samples were selected by proportional stratified sampling method and simple random sampling method. Pearson was used for bivariate analysis and regression was used for multivariate analysis. The results showed that there is a corRELATION between independent and dependent variables. In the multivariate analysis, among the variables introduced in the step-by-step method, the mutual social trust variable was selected as the variable that had the greatest effect on the dependent variable because it had a high prediction coefficient.

In the conditions that the evolution and fluctuation in idealism and pragmatism transition has made it difficult to achieve the cognitive patterns of the FOREIGN policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, we are inevitably forced to recognize the effective factors and the RELATIONships between them in analyzing FOREIGN policy. For this purpose, the present study using Structural Analysis and Technique of Interaction Impact Analysis tries to answer this question: what is the RELATIONship pattern of key factors affecting FOREIGN policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the course of answering the question, thirty six key factors influencing FOREIGN policy were identified. After creating a matrix and ranking the interactions of the factors on each other, these factors, based on the degree of effectiveness and affectedness, were distributed into five categories of explanatory, intermediate, result, regulator and independent variables. The distribution of these factors in an effectiveness and affectedness chart indicates the instability of the FOREIGN policy system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The analysis of the pattern obtained from the Micmac software output represented that the interaction of the level of analysis in assessing actors in the external environment causes a security dilemma and in the domestic environment as well, differences in the governance paradigm undermine positions and decisions in the FOREIGN policy arena.

The Timurid’s RELATIONship with Mongols is one of the rarest kinds of RELATIONship among the Islamic governments ruling Iran. Since toppling down of the Abbasid caliphs this was the first time that an Islamic government had based its legitimacy on its rightfulness which was originating from an atheist government. This sort of RELATIONship made it unimaginable or impossible for the Timurid government, even when it was powerful, to attack Joghatay’s lands and to topple down Joghatay rulers. On the other hand, the Timurids were welcome to Mongol’s camps due to some necessities originating from military deficiencies. Hence, where there was a chance, Mongols attempted to regain the land lost to the Timurids. Consequently, the Timurids tried, using various diplomacies to preserve their situation when facing Mongols.This article is an endeavor to study the aims, purpose and the kind of RELATIONship existing between the Timurids and the Joghatay Mongols.

Although the patterns of emergence and decline of the powers are recurred for centuries, surprisingly there are no clear evidences to answer the question of what are the causes for rise and fall of powers. The efforts made to date to order the patterns of rise and fall of world powers have created a close link between the periodic patterns of emergence (and decline) of world orders with the cycles of rise (and fall) of global hegemons, which both are severely influenced by the waves of global wars. Utilizing the literature on this field and introducing new concepts such as introversion (seeking for internal power resources) and extroversion (introversion + seeking for external power resources beyond the borders), this essay is to test this hypothesis that “ achieving the status of global hegemony by a super power requires the adoption of an introvertist approach until deployed hegemony enters into a decline period and subsequently transition into an extrovertist approach. On the other hand, taking on an introvertist approach by the deployed hegemon will abridge the hegemonic cycle and leads to the decline of the hegemon” . This research is exploratory in nature. To analyze the collected data, this study uses the causal or post-event method. Findings of the study confirm the above hypothesis and draw the conclusion that although there is no desertion of the recurrence of the hegemonic cycle and the global order, the length of a hegemonic cycle is subject to the pursuit of an extrovertist approach by the hegemon.

It is well documented that language learning success or failure is influenced by the affective side of the learner. Self efficacy and anxiety are among the affective factors influencing language learning. This study first explores the RELATIONship between EFL learners' self-efficacy in reading comprehension and their reading anxiety. Secondly, it explores the RELATIONship between EFL learners' self-efficacy and their reading achievement. It also investigates whether high self efficacious EFL learners experience higher anxiety than low self-efficacious EFL learners and whether high self-efficacious EFL learners perform better in reading or not.150 sophomores majoring in English literature at three universities participated in the present study. Two instruments were used in this study: a) an author-designed scale on EFL learners' self-efficacy in reading comprehension, b) the FOREIGN Language Reading Anxiety Scale (FLRAS) developed by Saito et al, The Pearson formula and an independent T-Test were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that there was a significant negative corRELATION between the participants' reading self- efficacy and their reading anxiety. The results also showed that high self efficacious participants achieved higher scores in reading comprehension course than low self-efficacious participants. The findings of the study draw the attention of EFL teachers to encourage their learners seek ways to reduce their anxiety in reading L2 texts by improving their self-efficacy.

This paper aims to identify the influence of cross-cultural communications on the formation and development of the miniature of School of Isfahan. The main findings of this paper explain and describe the method of FOREIGNization and the influence of cultural changes on the emergence of this method. In other words, in the process of developing FOREIGN RELATIONs during the reign of the Safavids, and by the entrance of European artists to Iran and the familiarity of Iranian artists with Western painting styles, a new course of events happens in the Persian miniature as FOREIGNization affected by the aesthetic methods and techniques of non-Iranian painting. The results of this study have shown that cross-cultural communication has deeply influenced the emergence of new artistic and non-Iranian practices in different ways including economic, political and cultural RELATIONs. And therefore FOREIGNization for us is a dynamic aesthetic system. That's why we have explained and illustrated the course of events related to the FOREIGNization of artworks analysis of this period with descriptions and analysis by using applied research methods.

The present study was conducted by examining the views of relevant experts and their exposure to child labor in Shiraz. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed based on grounded theory. Ten axial categories and one core category were extracted from the coding process. The core category was developed under the title of "institutional passivity and sectoralism". The results of the research showed that the causal conditions such as incompatibility and institutional and managerial confusion, diversity of perspectives to the phenomenon of child labor and non-governmental organizations and indifference towards child labor has caused the emergence of this phenomenon. Intervening conditions include: negative representation and conflicting media activities, Inhibition of some domestic and international rules and laws and child labor of nationals and the problem of identification and identity. This central phenomenon is located in special conditions and contexts due to family pressure and starting the work process in childhood, child labor as an income generating industry, child labor as a source of financial support for the family and the unique opportunity for working children, and Shiraz's oppurtunities for immigrants. The type of encounter with working children in Shiraz has caused numerous consequences that can be seen Unreasonable increase of child labor of nationals, Failure to contain and control the problem of working children, lack of proper organization and social support of working children, Anonymity of working children and persuasion and encouragement of nationals to immigrate to Shiraz.

Studying Iran's FOREIGN policy is one of the most interesting topics among the people and the academic community. This behavior is not specific to Iranians and can, also, be seen among other FOREIGN researchers concerning Iran's FOREIGN policy. Luciano Zaccara is one of the authors who has surpassed her counterparts in addressing this issue and has edited a book on the “FOREIGN Policy of Iran under President Hassan Rouhani’s First Term”. The lack of translation of the book into Persian encouraged the author to introduce the work and critique it in terms of content and form. What makes the book prominent is the participation of some well-known authors in writing the chapters, addressing some areas that have received less attention in Iranian research, such as RELATIONs with Africa and the pathology of Hassan Rouhani's FOREIGN policy. Lack of theoretical framework for the discussions, incoherence between the contents of the chapters, and ignoring the scientific neutrality by some authors of the book are among the weaknesses of the work.

The United States Policy toward Iran during 1985-7 is a significant issue. The US had followed a confrontationist policy toward Iran after the 1979 revolution but a shift in the policy could be observed in the mid 1980's in the form of US attempts to make a rapprochement possible.This article explains this shift through the examination of the impact of this variable: solving US problems in the Middle East. US attempts to solve the problems it faced in the Middle East during these years led to a shift in its policy towards Iran.